LAS INTERVENCIONES MILITARES CUBANAS,BY ORLANDO VICENTE .CUBA

 

CUBA: FANTASMAS VIVOS O MUERTOS EN ÁFRICA DEAMBULAN ACUSANDO A LOS CASTROS

 

CUBA: FANTASMAS VIVOS O MUERTOS EN ÁFRICA DEAMBULAN ACUSANDO A LOS CASTROS.

 Cuando estaba en el tercer año de la carrera de Medicina recibiamos  "preparación militar" los martes de cada semana. Cierta mañana, ante un profesor militar moreno con típico acento santiaguero, nos habló de los bombarderos y la preparación artillera cuando la inteligencia cubana sospechaba que en una aldea se refugiaba algún soldado enemigo, de la Unita.

  Yo fui el único en alzar la voz ante lo que sospechaba:

  _¿ Y si había niños, mujeres y ancianos en la aldea angolaba qué hacian entonces las tropas cubanas?


  Un silencio sepulcral se extendió por mis compañeros de clases, ninguno se atrevía a hablar.


   -Pues era una guerra sin cuartel. Se exterminaba a todos en la aldea, no importaba si fueran niños, mujeres o ancianos. Así es una guerra. No se puede tener compasión con nadie.


   Yo quedé  pensativo. Como médico en formación nos enseñaban a salvar vidas vulnerables no asesinarlas. Mis compañeros quedaron callados. A tal grado era el adoctrinamiento....    


                                 ----

 ¿Para qué fue todo este sufrimiento y devastación? Un cuarto de siglo después del fin de la intervención cubana en Angola, los angolanos aún sufren gran represión política y marginación económica. Los dirigentes del MPLA apuntalados por la intervención militar cubana siguen en el poder, al mando de un capitalismo monopolista de estado.

] Hoy día, se reconocen entre los gobernantes más corruptos y ricos de África, mientras que la mayoría de los 29 millones de angolanos vive en la pobreza

 Los veteranos de estas  guerras africanas, con traumas físicos o emocionales, algunos fueron atendidos en Hospitales secretos cubanos para desconocimiento de la población en general.

   Mi cuñado, un joven viril y guapo vino de Angola con unas crisis convulsivas nerviosas que lo atacaban al recordar los crueles combates de Angola. Me hacía historias terribles de los bombardeos aéreos y ataques artilleros. Entonces le atacaban las crisis convulsivas reactivadas por el recuerdo. Al pasar unos años, estas desaparecieron y le dieron un cargo administrativo en una gran empresa.

  Tengo un amigo que en la guerra de Etiopía, al retroceder un cañón ruso que lanzaba proyectiles, este le golpeo la zona frontal izda. y parte del ojo. Estuvo en coma una semana hasta que lo trajeron a Cuba. En un Hospital especial le reconstruyeron la herida y le colocaron un trozo de metal, no sé si de aluminio, en la zona afectada. Desde entonces goteaba líquido cefalorraquídeo por la nariz y lo trataban con antimicrobianos de amplio espectro.

  Cuando fui a Cuba recientemente, después de17 años prohibida mi entrada a mi propio país, lo fui a visitar. Parecia que cargaba una máscara de una película de horror. El lado izdo. del rostro lo tenía como aplastado y había perdido la visión del ojo de ese lado. Se había vuelto alcohólico y mentía sin cesar. Pobre victima que yo presencié de primera mano de la guerra en Etiopia. Cuando le pregunté por Megistus el líder etíope que Cuba ayudaba no sabía nada de él. No quise decirle que había luchado en vano por un jefe que después de dejar a un pueblo hambriento se asilo en Zimbabue en una mansión con toda la fortuna que había Birlado a su propio pueblo.

  Y cuando Cuba montó todo un espectáculo a nivel nacional para enterrar a los soldados caídos en las guerras de África. Yo dije, que si fuera la madre de uno de los difuntos azaría mi puño en señal de respeto por aquellos soldados casi imberbes que se llevaron a África a morir y no una bandera y un aplauso en señal a los “héroes Caídos” Lindo e hipócrita todo aquel desfile, característico del castrismo que todo lo convierte en victoria o sea en mierda.

  Así deambulan por la isla los fantasmas vivos-que viven en condiciones infrahumanas, más los fantasmas de los fallecidos, que no descansarán hasta que el verdadero enemigo-el gobierno castrista, caiga y la verdadera libertad reine en el pueblo cubano.           

 Las intervenciones militares de Cuba en el resto del mundo iniciaron luego de 1959 y el triunfo de la Revolución cubana, que significó su alineamiento con una de las dos superpotencias de la época, la Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas (URSS), lo que significó un cambio en la política exterior cubana. 

 Todas estas intervenciones tenían como elementos comunes el estar dirigidas hacia países del Tercer Mundo, ayudando a la implantación o sostenimiento de gobiernos afines al marxismo-leninismo, justificadas por el gobierno cubano bajo el argumento de que se trataba de «internacionalismo proletario» o anticolonialismo realizado en apoyo de los pueblos que según el gobierno cubano deseaban tener un Estado socialista, que las invasiones cubanas eran funcionales a los intereses geopolíticos de la Unión Soviética y en oposición a la política exterior de los Estados Unidos de América, y se realizaron con respaldo técnico soviético y de la República Democrática de Alemania. En la terminología oficial permitida por el gobierno cubano, las intervenciones militares llevadas a cabo por la Cuba socialista se pueden denominar «misiones internacionalistas».

  El período en que se dan las intervenciones ha sido llamado en ocasiones por sus críticos la era del «imperialismo cubano» o «imperialismo militar cubano»,  mientras que en la terminología oficial cubana también puede encontrarse el término «internacionalismo militar cubano»,3 e incluiría tanto las intervenciones militares directas (guerras, envío de fuerzas militares) e indirectas (sostén logístico de gobiernos o de movimientos guerrilleros, actividad del servicio de espionaje, incitación a golpes de Estado). 

  El régimen socialista cubano, en los planes de expansión de su influencia, dio preferencia a la intervención militar directa en África Subsahariana a diferencia de América Latina donde dio preferencia al auspicio de organizaciones subversivas locales. Es particularmente notable la presencia militar cubana en África, con más de 36 000 efectivos en 1985, especialmente en Angola (23 000) y Etiopía (12 000). Dentro de Cuba el régimen justificaba el envío de cubanos a las lejanas guerras africanas bajo el discurso de que Cuba es una nación «latino africana».

  A medida que se derrumbaba el Bloque socialista a finales de la década de 1980 las tropas y operaciones cubanas en el extranjero se redujeron, y con el colapso de la Unión Soviética y el inicio del Período especial en Cuba a inicios de la década de 1990 cesaron las intervenciones militares cubanas al extranjero.

Esta lista sólo incluye el envío de militares cubanos como fuerzas regulares reconocidas como beligerantes entre los Estados. Se agregan separadamente las invasiones militares con fines golpistas.

1963: Guerra de las Arenas en Argelia, es la primera intervención de las fuerzas armadas cubanas en territorio extranjero.

1964-1965: Durante la Crisis del Congo. En la República Democrática del Congo, tropas regulares cubanas infiltradas desde Tanzania participaron en acciones bélicas sin mayor éxito.

1973-1974: Durante la Guerra de Yom Kipur, la República Árabe Siria solicitó ayuda militar a Cuba y el gobierno cubano envió una brigada de tanques que participó en combates.

1975-1991: Fuerzas regulares cubanas ingresaron en Angola, en la misión llamada Operación Carlota, para sostener al gobierno comunista y participaron en la Guerra Civil de Angola y la Guerra de la frontera de Sudáfrica.

1977-1988: Durante la Guerra Civil de Etiopía y la Guerra del Ogden, tropas cubanas ingresaron a Etiopía para sostener al gobierno socialista y combatir al movimiento deliberación nacional somalí del Ogaden.

1979-1990: En la Revolución sandinista en Nicaragua, el Estado cubano envió personal militar que se hizo con la dirección de los servicios de seguridad e inteligencia militar nicaragüenses.

1959: Expedición fallida a Panamá con el fin de iniciar un movimiento revolucionario en el país. Fueron detenidos luego de una escaramuza con la Guardia Nacional panameña.

1959: Expedición fallida a la República Dominicana para derrocar a la dictadura de Rafael Trujillo Molina, en alianza con el exilio dominicano.

1963 y 1967: Expediciones fallidas de militares cubanos para tomar el poder en Venezuela instalando un gobierno amigable con Cuba y asegurar el suministro de petróleo a la isla. El gobierno venezolano repele la invasión destruyendo las artillerías cubanas instaladas en islas venezolanas.

  El pretexto de esta injerencia militar en Etiopía fue que la intervención militar somalí era una muy peligrosa amenaza contra el país invadido. Cuando en realidad no era nada nuevo y solo afectaba a la región en disputa, el Ogaden

La gran diferencia entre los dos países que ayudan a los etíopes, es que la URSS pone los recursos, los medios y Cuba  -como siempre- pone los hombres.

El Gobierno que Fidel decidió defender era dominado por un hombre cuyo mandato trajo a su pueblo hambrunas masivas que provocaron la muerte de más de un millón de etíopes, indetenible represión contra sus opositores y levantamientos contra el régimen.

  Derramamos sangre cubana por defender a un hombre que al huir de su país robó más de 400 millones de dólares a su hambriento pueblo.

  Ayudamos a mantenerse en el poder a una persona que en el año 2006, fue juzgado en su país -en ausencia- por el cargo de genocidio y en el año 2008 fue condenado a muerte.

  El ex presidente etíope deja un país en la bancarrota, asolado por la sequía y el hambre que amenaza con la muerte por inanición a siete millones de personas. Los efectos de la huida de Mengistu no van a ser inmediatos, pero los observadores coinciden en señalar que puede ser positiva para que se desarrolle la tímida apertura anunciada el pasado año por el entonces presidente, con la decisión de caminar hacia una economía de mercado.

  Actualmente Mengistu reside en Harare, la capital de Zimbabue en su mansión millonaria.

  El 6 de diciembre de 1989, en la llamada Operación Tributo, fueron llevados a Cuba restos de los caídos, porque hubo un momento durante la guerra que se prohibió el traslado de cadáveres a la isla.

  La intervención cubana en Angola se llevó a cabo entre 1975-1991 y unos 350.000 hombres salieron de la isla en servicio militar hacia el país del sur de África. La extinta Unión Soviética ofrecía el armamento y subsidiaba buena parte de la logística de la guerra.

  El autor Carlos E. Pedre Pentón, que participó como soldado en la conflagración, habla en su libro La guerra innecesaria de 10.000 fallecidos

  Las tropas cubanas salieron de Angola a finales de los años 80, dejando un país presidido por José Eduardo Dos Santos, quien estuvo 38 años en el poder tras suceder a Agostinho Neto

  En 1975, Fidel Castro inició la “Operación Carlota,” que, según cifras oficiales de La Habana, vería involucrados durante 16 años (hasta el 1991) a 377,033 militares y más de 50,000 cooperantes civiles cubanos. Oficialmente, se explicó que el autoproclamado presidente angolano Agosthino Neto, un comunista histórico y aliado de la Unión Soviética (URSS), había solicitado la ayuda militar de Cuba. Sin embargo, la realidad era otra; un ex alto oficial de la inteligencia cubana confirma que la URSS –que mantenía a Cuba con billonarios subsidios anuales– pidió a Castro que enviara la fuerza militar cubana, prometiendo costear todo el material bélico.  

  Habiendo Portugal iniciado el proceso de independencia de sus colonias africanas, la URSS buscaba consolidar a Neto en el poder para pasar a Angola a la órbita soviética, pero no convenía que apareciera como la fuerza invasora en apoyo a Neto. En el escenario de la guerra fría, la URSS apoyaba al MPLA (Movimiento Popular para la Liberación de Angola) de Neto y a la SWAPO (Organización Popular de África del Sudoeste), que luchaba por la independencia de Namibia, mientras que Estados Unidos, junto con Sudáfrica, apoyaban a UNITA (Unión Nacional para la Independencia Total de Angola) y al FNLA (Frente Nacional de Liberación de Angola).

  Cuba no obró por pura solidaridad revolucionaria, ya que recibió pago por sus servicios, estimados entre US$300 y US$600 millones de dólares anuales (lo que le supondría de $4.8 a $9.6 mil millones de dólares en 16 años de contienda). El autor de un reciente libro sobre la guerra de Angola, ex soldado cubano en Angola, ingeniero Carlos Pedre, obtuvo un testimonio confidencial de un ex oficial de las FAR (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Cuba) de que Angola pagaba $2 mil dólares mensuales por soldado cubano. Cuba además desarrolló negocios millonarios, manejados por altos oficiales de la FAR, con el saqueo sistemático de marfil, diamantes y maderas de Angola; incluso, desviaban a La Habana equipos acabados de llegar para diversas fábricas en Angola.

 Es un secreto a voces que los militares cubanos también “robaban todo lo que podían” –incluyendo vehículos, y muebles de casa; además se alega que estaban traficando drogas. El comandante Ochoa, héroe en ambas guerras y que hizo tanto por el triunfo fue fusilado por los castro para que estos no se ensuciaran en el tráfico de drogas y de diamantes. Claro, el presidente y el primer ministro de las FAR mandaban desde Cuba, no arriesgan su lindo pellejo en los combates, sin saber las penurias que hasta los oficiales pasaban en las escaseces de una guerra donde tropas y oficiales ganaban un mísero jornal y tenían que acudir al mercado negro para intercambiar alimentos por otros productos.    

 

  A pesar de los elevados ingresos que recibía Cuba por su “asistencia” a Angola, no compensaba a la mayoría de los soldados que allí enviaba; éstos eran mayormente reclutas muy jóvenes sirviendo el servicio militar obligatorio que sólo recibían los 7 pesos cubanos al mes pagaderos a los reclutas en Cuba. A los oficiales sobre grado de capitán se les pagaba sólo 600 kwanza, mientras que los altos asesores y oficiales recibían 900 a 1,000 (una kwanza equivalía aproximadamente a un dólar estadounidense).

 Asimismo, los soldados rasos no tenían vacaciones (los oficiales sí) y debían servir por tres años sin regresar a Cuba. Para colmo, según explica el escritor Jorge Olivera Castillo, veterano de Angola, al regreso a Cuba sólo “pudimos comprar una o dos mudas de ropa, algunos perfumes de pésima calidad y algo de aseo personal con la mísera cantidad de dinero que nos entregaron. Después de esa humillación, llegaron los vientos de un olvido olímpico.”

    

  Asimismo, Cuba trasladaba tropas, enfermos y heridos en sus buques mercantes con pobres condiciones de traslado. Dado que estoy violaba las reglas internacionales, los escondían en las bodegas. Los viajes podían durar de 18 a 21 días, causando mayor sufrimiento humano y, probablemente, la muerte de muchos enfermos y heridos.

  Desde el comienzo de la guerra, se prohibió trasladar los cadáveres de los muertos a Cuba. No fue hasta el 6 de diciembre de 1989, cuando se negociaba el fin del conflicto, que supuestamente fueron trasladados a la isla en la llamada “Operación Tributo,” realizándoseles entierros con honores en cada uno de los 169 municipios en panteones especialmente preparados para ello. 

  Sin embargo, veteranos de la guerra reportan que muchos de los muertos se enterraban donde habían caído y dudan que muchos fueron repatriados. Un ex piloto cubano que sirvió en Angola en el 1983 reporta que los muertos cubanos eran enterrados sin ceremonia, directamente en la tierra y prácticamente sin ropa (las botas se reusaban) en una sección especial del cementerio Alto Las Cruces de Miramar, Luanda; cuando este se llenó, comenzaron a usar otro cementerio abrir otro cementerio al final de una pista de aterrizaje del aeropuerto. Estaba familiarizado con el trabajo forense previo a las repatriaciones del 1989, pero insiste que los restos repatriados fueron no solo de cubanos caídos en Angola, sino también “internacionalistas” que murieron en Etiopía, Nicaragua, Argelia y otros países africanos.

  El conflicto ajeno dejó enormes ingresos al régimen de los Castro, pero costó con creces al pueblo cubano. Miles regresaron de la guerra mutilados, con traumas psicológicos y algunos hasta enloquecidos. Lo que es peor, se trató a los veteranos de la guerra de forma ingrata. Muchos hoy viven en la miseria y, según Olivera Castillo, “…muchos de los mendigos y los locos que deambulan por las calles cubanas son veteranos de aquella guerra.”

 Además, la población cubana fue privada de servicios de salud por el cuantioso número de profesionales enviados a Angola. En fin, tal como señala la periodista independiente cubana Tania Díaz Castro: “Sobre la llamada “epopeya de Angola,” pudiéramos preguntarnos si valió la pena que una pequeña isla empobrecida, situada a 14 mil kilómetros de Angola, se quedara sin esos hijos en su mayoría jóvenes, muchos de los cuales lucharon sin saber por qué lo hacían.

  Por su parte, Angola pagó un costo gigantesco por el conflicto: entre 500,000 y un millón de muertos, 3.5 millones de desplazados internamente, cientos de miles huyendo a países vecinos como Zaire y Zambia, la infraestructura rural y la economía prácticamente destruidas, la mayoría de la población en la miseria, casi dos millones enfrentando una hambruna y el abuso de los derechos humanos establecido como norma. El escenario de horror incluyó crímenes de guerra por parte de Cuba tales como ataques deliberados a poblaciones civiles indefensas e incluso el uso de armas químicas contra tropas de UNITA y civiles que los apoyaban.

 Y ahora, todavía hay ingenuos de la izquierda latinoamericana que apoyan la injerencia castrista en otros países sin interés alguno. Solo para implantar el socialismo soviético y ampliar por el mundo el socialismo a la cubana. Cuando implosionó la Unión Soviética se le acabaron los subsidios en dinero y armas a cuba.

  Ahora los sustituye con carne humana barata: los médicos internacionalistas cuyas familias están orgullosas en Cuba por lo que le van traer en pacotilla y en los magros dólares que les pagan. Al punto, que la familia cubana, opta por un médico internacionalista o una linda jinetera mulata para mejorar sus vidas del hambre y falta de viviendas.

DR ORLANDO VICENTE ALVAREZ
CUBANO URUGUAYO
GENIO

MONDAY, OCTOBER 7, 2019

LIVE OR DEAD GHOSTS

 Veterans of these African wars, with physical or emotional trauma, some were treated at Cuban secret hospitals to ignore the general population.

   My brother-in-law, a handsome and virile young man came from Angola with a convulsive nervous crisis that attacked him when he remembered the cruel fighting in Angola. He told me terrible stories about aerial bombardment and artillery attacks. Then he was attacked by convulsive seizures reactivated by memory. After a few years, they disappeared and gave him an administrative position in a large company.

  I have a friend who, in the Ethiopian War, when a Russian cannon that launched projectiles was backing, it hit the left front area. and part of the eye. He was in a coma for a week until he was brought to Cuba. In a special hospital they rebuilt the wound and placed a piece of metal, I do not know if aluminum, in the affected area. Since then he dripped cerebrospinal fluid through his nose and was treated with broad-spectrum antimicrobials.

  When I went to Cuba recently, after 17 years I was banned from entering my own country, I went to visit it. It looked like he was wearing a mask from a horror movie. The left side. His face was crushed and he had lost sight of the eye on that side. He had become an alcoholic and lied endlessly. Poor victim that I witnessed first hand of the war in Ethiopia. When I asked about Megistus, the Ethiopian leader who helped Cuba knew nothing about him. I did not want to tell him that he had fought in vain for a chief who, after leaving a hungry people, went to Zimbabwe in a mansion with all the fortune that had beaten his own people.
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FANTASMAS VIVOS O MUERTOS EN ÁFRICA DEAMBULAN ACUSANDO A LOS CASTROS: #Fantasmas, Angola, Harare, Internacionalismo-proletario, Intervencón-en-Africa-Etiopia, Jineteras cubanas, Operación Carlota, Soldados-mertos-Etiopía-ángola, Zimbabue

CUBA: FANTASMAS VIVOS O MUERTOS EN ÁFRICA DEAMBULAN ACUSANDO A LOS CASTROS

 

CUBA: FANTASMAS VIVOS O MUERTOS EN ÁFRICA DEAMBULAN ACUSANDO A LOS CASTROS.

 Cuando estaba en el tercer año de la carrera de Medicina recibiamos  "preparación militar" los martes de cada semana. Cierta mañana, ante un profesor militar moreno con típico acento santiaguero, nos habló de los bombarderos y la preparación artillera cuando la inteligencia cubana sospechaba que en una aldea se refugiaba algún soldado enemigo, de la Unita.

  Yo fui el único en alzar la voz ante lo que sospechaba:

  _¿ Y si había niños, mujeres y ancianos en la aldea angolaba qué hacian entonces las tropas cubanas?


  Un silencio sepulcral se extendió por mis compañeros de clases, ninguno se atrevía a hablar.


   -Pues era una guerra sin cuartel. Se exterminaba a todos en la aldea, no importaba si fueran niños, mujeres o ancianos. Así es una guerra. No se puede tener compasión con nadie.


   Yo quedé  pensativo. Como médico en formación nos enseñaban a salvar vidas vulnerables no asesinarlas. Mis compañeros quedaron callados. A tal grado era el adoctrinamiento....    


                                 ----

 ¿Para qué fue todo este sufrimiento y devastación? Un cuarto de siglo después del fin de la intervención cubana en Angola, los angolanos aún sufren gran represión política y marginación económica. Los dirigentes del MPLA apuntalados por la intervención militar cubana siguen en el poder, al mando de un capitalismo monopolista de estado.

] Hoy día, se reconocen entre los gobernantes más corruptos y ricos de África, mientras que la mayoría de los 29 millones de angolanos vive en la pobreza

 Los veteranos de estas  guerras africanas, con traumas físicos o emocionales, algunos fueron atendidos en Hospitales secretos cubanos para desconocimiento de la población en general.

   Mi cuñado, un joven viril y guapo vino de Angola con unas crisis convulsivas nerviosas que lo atacaban al recordar los crueles combates de Angola. Me hacía historias terribles de los bombardeos aéreos y ataques artilleros. Entonces le atacaban las crisis convulsivas reactivadas por el recuerdo. Al pasar unos años, estas desaparecieron y le dieron un cargo administrativo en una gran empresa.

  Tengo un amigo que en la guerra de Etiopía, al retroceder un cañón ruso que lanzaba proyectiles, este le golpeo la zona frontal izda. y parte del ojo. Estuvo en coma una semana hasta que lo trajeron a Cuba. En un Hospital especial le reconstruyeron la herida y le colocaron un trozo de metal, no sé si de aluminio, en la zona afectada. Desde entonces goteaba líquido cefalorraquídeo por la nariz y lo trataban con antimicrobianos de amplio espectro.

  Cuando fui a Cuba recientemente, después de17 años prohibida mi entrada a mi propio país, lo fui a visitar. Parecia que cargaba una máscara de una película de horror. El lado izdo. del rostro lo tenía como aplastado y había perdido la visión del ojo de ese lado. Se había vuelto alcohólico y mentía sin cesar. Pobre victima que yo presencié de primera mano de la guerra en Etiopia. Cuando le pregunté por Megistus el líder etíope que Cuba ayudaba no sabía nada de él. No quise decirle que había luchado en vano por un jefe que después de dejar a un pueblo hambriento se asilo en Zimbabue en una mansión con toda la fortuna que había Birlado a su propio pueblo.

  Y cuando Cuba montó todo un espectáculo a nivel nacional para enterrar a los soldados caídos en las guerras de África. Yo dije, que si fuera la madre de uno de los difuntos azaría mi puño en señal de respeto por aquellos soldados casi imberbes que se llevaron a África a morir y no una bandera y un aplauso en señal a los “héroes Caídos” Lindo e hipócrita todo aquel desfile, característico del castrismo que todo lo convierte en victoria o sea en mierda.

  Así deambulan por la isla los fantasmas vivos-que viven en condiciones infrahumanas, más los fantasmas de los fallecidos, que no descansarán hasta que el verdadero enemigo-el gobierno castrista, caiga y la verdadera libertad reine en el pueblo cubano.           

 Las intervenciones militares de Cuba en el resto del mundo iniciaron luego de 1959 y el triunfo de la Revolución cubana, que significó su alineamiento con una de las dos superpotencias de la época, la Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas (URSS), lo que significó un cambio en la política exterior cubana. 

 Todas estas intervenciones tenían como elementos comunes el estar dirigidas hacia países del Tercer Mundo, ayudando a la implantación o sostenimiento de gobiernos afines al marxismo-leninismo, justificadas por el gobierno cubano bajo el argumento de que se trataba de «internacionalismo proletario» o anticolonialismo realizado en apoyo de los pueblos que según el gobierno cubano deseaban tener un Estado socialista, que las invasiones cubanas eran funcionales a los intereses geopolíticos de la Unión Soviética y en oposición a la política exterior de los Estados Unidos de América, y se realizaron con respaldo técnico soviético y de la República Democrática de Alemania. En la terminología oficial permitida por el gobierno cubano, las intervenciones militares llevadas a cabo por la Cuba socialista se pueden denominar «misiones internacionalistas».

  El período en que se dan las intervenciones ha sido llamado en ocasiones por sus críticos la era del «imperialismo cubano» o «imperialismo militar cubano»,  mientras que en la terminología oficial cubana también puede encontrarse el término «internacionalismo militar cubano»,3 e incluiría tanto las intervenciones militares directas (guerras, envío de fuerzas militares) e indirectas (sostén logístico de gobiernos o de movimientos guerrilleros, actividad del servicio de espionaje, incitación a golpes de Estado). 

  El régimen socialista cubano, en los planes de expansión de su influencia, dio preferencia a la intervención militar directa en África Subsahariana a diferencia de América Latina donde dio preferencia al auspicio de organizaciones subversivas locales. Es particularmente notable la presencia militar cubana en África, con más de 36 000 efectivos en 1985, especialmente en Angola (23 000) y Etiopía (12 000). Dentro de Cuba el régimen justificaba el envío de cubanos a las lejanas guerras africanas bajo el discurso de que Cuba es una nación «latino africana».

  A medida que se derrumbaba el Bloque socialista a finales de la década de 1980 las tropas y operaciones cubanas en el extranjero se redujeron, y con el colapso de la Unión Soviética y el inicio del Período especial en Cuba a inicios de la década de 1990 cesaron las intervenciones militares cubanas al extranjero.

Esta lista sólo incluye el envío de militares cubanos como fuerzas regulares reconocidas como beligerantes entre los Estados. Se agregan separadamente las invasiones militares con fines golpistas.

1963: Guerra de las Arenas en Argelia, es la primera intervención de las fuerzas armadas cubanas en territorio extranjero.

1964-1965: Durante la Crisis del Congo. En la República Democrática del Congo, tropas regulares cubanas infiltradas desde Tanzania participaron en acciones bélicas sin mayor éxito.

1973-1974: Durante la Guerra de Yom Kipur, la República Árabe Siria solicitó ayuda militar a Cuba y el gobierno cubano envió una brigada de tanques que participó en combates.

1975-1991: Fuerzas regulares cubanas ingresaron en Angola, en la misión llamada Operación Carlota, para sostener al gobierno comunista y participaron en la Guerra Civil de Angola y la Guerra de la frontera de Sudáfrica.

1977-1988: Durante la Guerra Civil de Etiopía y la Guerra del Ogden, tropas cubanas ingresaron a Etiopía para sostener al gobierno socialista y combatir al movimiento deliberación nacional somalí del Ogaden.

1979-1990: En la Revolución sandinista en Nicaragua, el Estado cubano envió personal militar que se hizo con la dirección de los servicios de seguridad e inteligencia militar nicaragüenses.

1959: Expedición fallida a Panamá con el fin de iniciar un movimiento revolucionario en el país. Fueron detenidos luego de una escaramuza con la Guardia Nacional panameña.

1959: Expedición fallida a la República Dominicana para derrocar a la dictadura de Rafael Trujillo Molina, en alianza con el exilio dominicano.

1963 y 1967: Expediciones fallidas de militares cubanos para tomar el poder en Venezuela instalando un gobierno amigable con Cuba y asegurar el suministro de petróleo a la isla. El gobierno venezolano repele la invasión destruyendo las artillerías cubanas instaladas en islas venezolanas.

  El pretexto de esta injerencia militar en Etiopía fue que la intervención militar somalí era una muy peligrosa amenaza contra el país invadido. Cuando en realidad no era nada nuevo y solo afectaba a la región en disputa, el Ogaden

La gran diferencia entre los dos países que ayudan a los etíopes, es que la URSS pone los recursos, los medios y Cuba  -como siempre- pone los hombres.

El Gobierno que Fidel decidió defender era dominado por un hombre cuyo mandato trajo a su pueblo hambrunas masivas que provocaron la muerte de más de un millón de etíopes, indetenible represión contra sus opositores y levantamientos contra el régimen.

  Derramamos sangre cubana por defender a un hombre que al huir de su país robó más de 400 millones de dólares a su hambriento pueblo.

  Ayudamos a mantenerse en el poder a una persona que en el año 2006, fue juzgado en su país -en ausencia- por el cargo de genocidio y en el año 2008 fue condenado a muerte.

  El ex presidente etíope deja un país en la bancarrota, asolado por la sequía y el hambre que amenaza con la muerte por inanición a siete millones de personas. Los efectos de la huida de Mengistu no van a ser inmediatos, pero los observadores coinciden en señalar que puede ser positiva para que se desarrolle la tímida apertura anunciada el pasado año por el entonces presidente, con la decisión de caminar hacia una economía de mercado.

  Actualmente Mengistu reside en Harare, la capital de Zimbabue en su mansión millonaria.

  El 6 de diciembre de 1989, en la llamada Operación Tributo, fueron llevados a Cuba restos de los caídos, porque hubo un momento durante la guerra que se prohibió el traslado de cadáveres a la isla.

  La intervención cubana en Angola se llevó a cabo entre 1975-1991 y unos 350.000 hombres salieron de la isla en servicio militar hacia el país del sur de África. La extinta Unión Soviética ofrecía el armamento y subsidiaba buena parte de la logística de la guerra.

  El autor Carlos E. Pedre Pentón, que participó como soldado en la conflagración, habla en su libro La guerra innecesaria de 10.000 fallecidos

  Las tropas cubanas salieron de Angola a finales de los años 80, dejando un país presidido por José Eduardo Dos Santos, quien estuvo 38 años en el poder tras suceder a Agostinho Neto

  En 1975, Fidel Castro inició la “Operación Carlota,” que, según cifras oficiales de La Habana, vería involucrados durante 16 años (hasta el 1991) a 377,033 militares y más de 50,000 cooperantes civiles cubanos. Oficialmente, se explicó que el autoproclamado presidente angolano Agosthino Neto, un comunista histórico y aliado de la Unión Soviética (URSS), había solicitado la ayuda militar de Cuba. Sin embargo, la realidad era otra; un ex alto oficial de la inteligencia cubana confirma que la URSS –que mantenía a Cuba con billonarios subsidios anuales– pidió a Castro que enviara la fuerza militar cubana, prometiendo costear todo el material bélico.  

  Habiendo Portugal iniciado el proceso de independencia de sus colonias africanas, la URSS buscaba consolidar a Neto en el poder para pasar a Angola a la órbita soviética, pero no convenía que apareciera como la fuerza invasora en apoyo a Neto. En el escenario de la guerra fría, la URSS apoyaba al MPLA (Movimiento Popular para la Liberación de Angola) de Neto y a la SWAPO (Organización Popular de África del Sudoeste), que luchaba por la independencia de Namibia, mientras que Estados Unidos, junto con Sudáfrica, apoyaban a UNITA (Unión Nacional para la Independencia Total de Angola) y al FNLA (Frente Nacional de Liberación de Angola).

  Cuba no obró por pura solidaridad revolucionaria, ya que recibió pago por sus servicios, estimados entre US$300 y US$600 millones de dólares anuales (lo que le supondría de $4.8 a $9.6 mil millones de dólares en 16 años de contienda). El autor de un reciente libro sobre la guerra de Angola, ex soldado cubano en Angola, ingeniero Carlos Pedre, obtuvo un testimonio confidencial de un ex oficial de las FAR (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Cuba) de que Angola pagaba $2 mil dólares mensuales por soldado cubano. Cuba además desarrolló negocios millonarios, manejados por altos oficiales de la FAR, con el saqueo sistemático de marfil, diamantes y maderas de Angola; incluso, desviaban a La Habana equipos acabados de llegar para diversas fábricas en Angola.

 Es un secreto a voces que los militares cubanos también “robaban todo lo que podían” –incluyendo vehículos, y muebles de casa; además se alega que estaban traficando drogas. El comandante Ochoa, héroe en ambas guerras y que hizo tanto por el triunfo fue fusilado por los castro para que estos no se ensuciaran en el tráfico de drogas y de diamantes. Claro, el presidente y el primer ministro de las FAR mandaban desde Cuba, no arriesgan su lindo pellejo en los combates, sin saber las penurias que hasta los oficiales pasaban en las escaseces de una guerra donde tropas y oficiales ganaban un mísero jornal y tenían que acudir al mercado negro para intercambiar alimentos por otros productos.    

 

  A pesar de los elevados ingresos que recibía Cuba por su “asistencia” a Angola, no compensaba a la mayoría de los soldados que allí enviaba; éstos eran mayormente reclutas muy jóvenes sirviendo el servicio militar obligatorio que sólo recibían los 7 pesos cubanos al mes pagaderos a los reclutas en Cuba. A los oficiales sobre grado de capitán se les pagaba sólo 600 kwanza, mientras que los altos asesores y oficiales recibían 900 a 1,000 (una kwanza equivalía aproximadamente a un dólar estadounidense).

 Asimismo, los soldados rasos no tenían vacaciones (los oficiales sí) y debían servir por tres años sin regresar a Cuba. Para colmo, según explica el escritor Jorge Olivera Castillo, veterano de Angola, al regreso a Cuba sólo “pudimos comprar una o dos mudas de ropa, algunos perfumes de pésima calidad y algo de aseo personal con la mísera cantidad de dinero que nos entregaron. Después de esa humillación, llegaron los vientos de un olvido olímpico.”

    

  Asimismo, Cuba trasladaba tropas, enfermos y heridos en sus buques mercantes con pobres condiciones de traslado. Dado que estoy violaba las reglas internacionales, los escondían en las bodegas. Los viajes podían durar de 18 a 21 días, causando mayor sufrimiento humano y, probablemente, la muerte de muchos enfermos y heridos.

  Desde el comienzo de la guerra, se prohibió trasladar los cadáveres de los muertos a Cuba. No fue hasta el 6 de diciembre de 1989, cuando se negociaba el fin del conflicto, que supuestamente fueron trasladados a la isla en la llamada “Operación Tributo,” realizándoseles entierros con honores en cada uno de los 169 municipios en panteones especialmente preparados para ello. 

  Sin embargo, veteranos de la guerra reportan que muchos de los muertos se enterraban donde habían caído y dudan que muchos fueron repatriados. Un ex piloto cubano que sirvió en Angola en el 1983 reporta que los muertos cubanos eran enterrados sin ceremonia, directamente en la tierra y prácticamente sin ropa (las botas se reusaban) en una sección especial del cementerio Alto Las Cruces de Miramar, Luanda; cuando este se llenó, comenzaron a usar otro cementerio abrir otro cementerio al final de una pista de aterrizaje del aeropuerto. Estaba familiarizado con el trabajo forense previo a las repatriaciones del 1989, pero insiste que los restos repatriados fueron no solo de cubanos caídos en Angola, sino también “internacionalistas” que murieron en Etiopía, Nicaragua, Argelia y otros países africanos.

  El conflicto ajeno dejó enormes ingresos al régimen de los Castro, pero costó con creces al pueblo cubano. Miles regresaron de la guerra mutilados, con traumas psicológicos y algunos hasta enloquecidos. Lo que es peor, se trató a los veteranos de la guerra de forma ingrata. Muchos hoy viven en la miseria y, según Olivera Castillo, “…muchos de los mendigos y los locos que deambulan por las calles cubanas son veteranos de aquella guerra.”

 Además, la población cubana fue privada de servicios de salud por el cuantioso número de profesionales enviados a Angola. En fin, tal como señala la periodista independiente cubana Tania Díaz Castro: “Sobre la llamada “epopeya de Angola,” pudiéramos preguntarnos si valió la pena que una pequeña isla empobrecida, situada a 14 mil kilómetros de Angola, se quedara sin esos hijos en su mayoría jóvenes, muchos de los cuales lucharon sin saber por qué lo hacían.

  Por su parte, Angola pagó un costo gigantesco por el conflicto: entre 500,000 y un millón de muertos, 3.5 millones de desplazados internamente, cientos de miles huyendo a países vecinos como Zaire y Zambia, la infraestructura rural y la economía prácticamente destruidas, la mayoría de la población en la miseria, casi dos millones enfrentando una hambruna y el abuso de los derechos humanos establecido como norma. El escenario de horror incluyó crímenes de guerra por parte de Cuba tales como ataques deliberados a poblaciones civiles indefensas e incluso el uso de armas químicas contra tropas de UNITA y civiles que los apoyaban.

 Y ahora, todavía hay ingenuos de la izquierda latinoamericana que apoyan la injerencia castrista en otros países sin interés alguno. Solo para implantar el socialismo soviético y ampliar por el mundo el socialismo a la cubana. Cuando implosionó la Unión Soviética se le acabaron los subsidios en dinero y armas a cuba.

  Ahora los sustituye con carne humana barata: los médicos internacionalistas cuyas familias están orgullosas en Cuba por lo que le van traer en pacotilla y en los magros dólares que les pagan. Al punto, que la familia cubana, opta por un médico internacionalista o una linda jinetera mulata para mejorar sus vidas del hambre y falta de viviendas.

WAR.BY ORLANDO VICENTE,.GENIUS,CUBA AND ETHIOPIA

CUBA: LIVE OR DEAD PHANTOMS IN ÁFRICA ARE WANDERING ACCUSING THE CASTRO.

CUBA: LIVE OR DEAD PHANTOMS IN AFRICA WANDER ACCUSING THE CASTROS.



CUBA:LIVE OR DEAD PHANTOMS IN AFRICA WANDER ACCUSING THE CASTRO.   When I was in the third year of medical school, we received "military training" on Tuesdays of each week. One morning, before a dark military professor with a typical Santiago accent, he told us about the bombers and the artillery preparation when the Cuban intelligence suspected that an enemy soldier of the Unita was taking refuge in a village.

  I was the only one to raise my voice to what I suspected:

   _ And if there were children, women and old people in the Angolan village, what did the Cuban troops do then?

   A sepulchral silence spread through my classmates, none dared to speak.

  -Well, it was a war without quarter. Everyone was exterminated in the village, it did not matter if they were children, women or the elderly. This is a war. You can not have compassion with anyone.

  I was thoughtful. As a trainee we were taught to save vulnerable lives by not murdering them. My companions were silent. To such a degree was indoctrination ....

   What was all this suffering and devastation for? A quarter of a century after the end of the Cuban intervention in Angola, the Angolans still suffer great political repression and economic marginalization. The leaders of the MPLA, underpinned by Cuban military intervention, remain in power, commanding a state monopoly capitalism.

   Today, they are recognized among the most corrupt and wealthy rulers in Africa, while the majority of the 29 million Angolans live in poverty.

  The veterans of these African wars, with physical or emotional traumas, some were treated in Cuban secret hospitals for ignorance of the population in general.

  My brother-in-law, a virile and handsome young man, came from Angola with convulsive nervous crises that attacked him when he remembered the cruel fighting in Angola. He made terrible stories of aerial bombardment and artillery attacks. Then he was attacked by the convulsive crises reactivated by the memory. After a few years, they disappeared and they gave him an administrative position in a large company although he only has reached sith grade of education.

  .I have a friend who, in the war in Ethiopia, when a retreated  Russian cannon that launched projectiles, it hit the front left zone. and part of the eye. He was in a coma for a week until he was brought to Cuba. In a special hospital they reconstructed the wound and placed a piece of metal, I do not know if aluminum, in the affected area. Since then, cerebrospinal fluid was leaking through the nose and treated with broad spectrum antimicrobials.

  When I went to Cuba recently, after 17 years forbidden my entry to my own country, I went to visit him. He looked like he was wearing a mask from a horror movie. The left side of the face was   crushed and he had lost the vision of the eye on that side. He had become an alcoholic and was lying unceasingly. Poor victim that I witnessed first-hand the war in Ethiopia. When I asked him about Megistus, the Ethiopian leader that Cuba helped, he knew nothing about him. I did not mean to tell him that that the leader for what he had fought in vain , left a hungry town, took refuge in Zimbabwe in a mansion with all the fortune he had swallowed in his own village.

  And when Cuba mounted a national show to bury the fallen soldiers in the wars in Africa. I said that if I were the mother of one of the deceased I would randomly give my fist as a sign of respect for those almost beardless soldiers who took Africa to die and not a flag and a sign of applause for the "fallen heroes". Cute and hypocritical all that parade, characteristic of Castroism that makes everything victory or shit.
  This is how the living ghosts -who live in subhuman conditions, plus the ghosts of the deceased- wander around the island, who will not rest until the real enemy-the Castro government-falls and true freedom reigns in the Cuban people.

  The military interventions of Cuba in the rest of the world began after 1959 and the triumph of the Cuban Revolution, which meant its alignment with one of the two superpowers of the time, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), which meant a change in Cuban foreign policy.All these interventions had as common elements to be directed towards Third World countries, helping the implantation or support of governments related to Marxism-Leninism, justified by the Cuban government under the argument that it was "proletarian internationalism" or realized anticolonialism in support of the peoples that according to the Cuban government wanted to have a socialist state, that the Cuban invasions were functional to the geopolitical interests of the Soviet Union and in opposition to the foreign policy of the United States of America, and were carried out with technical support Soviet and the Democratic Republic The military interventions of Cuba in the rest of the world began after 1959 and the triumph of the Cuban Revolution, which meant its alignment with one of the two superpowers of the time, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), which meant a change in Cuban foreign policy.All these interventions had as common elements to be directed towards Third World countries, helping the implantation or support of governments related to Marxism-Leninism, justified by the Cuban government under the argument that it was "proletarian internationalism" or realized anticolonialism in support of the peoples that according to the Cuban government wanted to have a socialist state, that the Cuban invasions were functional to the geopolitical interests of the Soviet Union and in opposition to the foreign policy of the United States of America, and were carried out with technical support Soviet Union and the Democratic Republic of Germany.

   In the official terminology allowed by the Cuban government, the military interventions carried out by the socialist Cuba can be called "internationalist missions".The period in which the interventions are given has sometimes been called by its critics the era of "Cuban imperialism" or "Cuban military imperialism," while in Cuban official terminology the term "Cuban military internationalism" can also be found, 3 it would include both direct military interventions (wars, sending of military forces) and indirect interventions (logistical support of governments or guerrilla movements, activity of the espionage service, incitement to coups).

  The Cuban socialist regime, in plans to expand its influence, gave preference to direct military intervention in sub-Saharan Africa, unlike in Latin America, where it gave preference to the sponsorship of local subversive organizations. Particularly noteworthy is the Cuban military presence in Africa, with more than 36,000 troops in 1985, especially in Angola (23,000) and Ethiopia (12,000). Within Cuba, the regime justified the sending of Cubans to the distant African wars under the discourse that Cuba is a "Latin African" nation.As the Socialist Bloc collapsed at the end of the 1980s, Cuban troops and operations abroad were reduced, and with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the beginning of the Special Period in Cuba in the early 1990s, they ceased. Cuban military interventions abroad.This list only includes the sending of Cuban military personnel as regular forces recognized as belligerents among the States.

   Military invasions are added separately for coup purposes.1963: War of the Sands in Algeria, is the first intervention of the Cuban armed forces in foreign territory.1964-1965: During the Crisis of the Congo. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, regular Cuban troops infiltrated from Tanzania participated in war actions without much success.1973-1974: During the Yom Kippur War, the Syrian Arab Republic requested military aid to Cuba and the Cuban government sent a brigade of tanks that participated in combats.1975-1991: Regular Cuban forces entered Angola, in the mission called Operation Carlota, to support the communist government and participated in the Angolan Civil War and the South African Frontier War.1977-1988: During the Civil War of Ethiopia and the Ogden War, Cuban troops entered Ethiopia to support the socialist government and fight the Somali national deliberation movement of the Ogaden.1979-1990:

   In the Sandinista Revolution in Nicaragua, the Cuban State sent military personnel who took control of the Nicaraguan military security and intelligence services.1959: Failed expedition to Panama in order to start a revolutionary movement in the country. They were arrested after a skirmish with the Panamanian National Guard.1959: Failed expedition to the Dominican Republic to overthrow the dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo Molina, in alliance with the Dominican exile.1963 and 1967: Failed expeditions of the Cuban military to take power in Venezuela, installing a friendly government with Cuba and ensuring the supply of oil to the island. The Venezuelan government repels the invasion by destroying the Cuban artillery installed on Venezuelan islands.The pretext of this military interference in Ethiopia was that the Somali military intervention was a very dangerous threat against the invaded country. When in reality it was nothing new and only affected the region in dispute, the OgadenThe big difference between the two countries that help the Ethiopians is that the USSR puts resources, means and Cuba - as always - puts men.The government that Fidel decided to defend was dominated by a man whose mandate brought to his people massive famines that provoked the m   The military interventions of Cuba in the rest of the world began after 1959 and the triumph of the Cuban Revolution, which meant its alignment with one of the two superpowers of the time, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), which meant a change in Cuban foreign policy.

  All these interventions had as common elements to be directed towards Third World countries, helping the implantation or support of governments related to Marxism-Leninism, justified by the Cuban government under the argument that it was "proletarian internationalism" or realized anticolonialism in support of the peoples that according to the Cuban government wanted to have a socialist state, that the Cuban invasions were functional to the geopolitical interests of the Soviet Union and in opposition to the foreign policy of the United States of America, and were carried out with technical support Soviet Union and the Democratic Republic of Germany. In the official terminology allowed by the Cuban government, the military interventions carried out by the socialist Cuba can be called "internationalist missions".

  The period in which the interventions are given has sometimes been called by its critics the era of "Cuban imperialism" or "Cuban military imperialism," while in Cuban official terminology the term "Cuban military internationalism" can also be found, 3 it would include both direct military interventions (wars, sending of military forces) and indirect interventions (logistical support of governments or guerrilla movements, activity of the espionage service, incitement to coups).

  The Cuban socialist regime, in plans to expand its influence, gave preference to direct military intervention in sub-Saharan Africa, unlike in Latin America, where it gave preference to the sponsorship of local subversive organizations. Particularly noteworthy is the Cuban military presence in Africa, with more than 36,000 troops in 1985, especially in Angola (23,000) and Ethiopia (12,000).

  Within Cuba, the regime justified the sending of Cubans to the distant African wars under the discourse that Cuba is a "Latin African" nation.As the Socialist Bloc collapsed at the end of the 1980s, Cuban troops and operations abroad were reduced, and with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the beginning of the Special Period in Cuba in the early 1990s, they ceased. Cuban military interventions abroad.This list only includes the sending of Cuban military personnel as regular forces recognized as belligerents among the States. Military invasions are added separately for coup purposes.1963: War of the Sands in Algeria, is the first intervention of the Cuban armed forces in foreign territory.1964-1965: During the Crisis of the Congo. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, regular Cuban troops infiltrated from Tanzania participated in war actions without much success.1973-1974: During the Yom Kippur War, the Syrian Arab Republic requested military aid to Cuba and the Cuban government sent a brigade of tanks that participated in combats.1975-1991:

   Regular Cuban forces entered Angola, in the mission called Operation Carlota, to support the communist government and participated in the Angolan Civil War and the South African Frontier War.1977-1988: During the Civil War of Ethiopia and the Ogden War, Cuban troops entered Ethiopia to support the socialist government and fight the Somali national deliberation movement of the Ogaden.1979-1990:

  In the Sandinista Revolution in Nicaragua, the Cuban State sent military personnel who took control of the Nicaraguan military security and intelligence services.1959: Failed expedition to Panama in order to start a revolutionary movement in the country. They were arrested after a skirmish with the Panamanian National Guard.1959: Failed expedition to the Dominican Republic to overthrow the dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo Molina, in alliance with the Dominican exile.1963 and 1967: Failed expeditions of the Cuban military to take power in Venezuela, installing a friendly government with Cuba and ensuring the supply of oil to the island. The Venezuelan government repels the invasion by destroying the Cuban artillery installed on Venezuelan islands.

  The pretext of this military interference in Ethiopia was that the Somali military intervention was a very dangerous threat against the invaded country. When in reality it was nothing new and only affected the region in dispute, the OgadenThe big difference between the two countries that help the Ethiopians is that the USSR puts resources, means and Cuba - as always - puts men.The government that Fidel decided to defend was dominated by a man whose mandate brought to his people massive famines that provoked the mThe government that Fidel decided to defend was dominated by a man whose mandate brought to his people massive famines that caused the death of more than a million Ethiopians, unstoppable repression against their opponents and uprisings against the regime.

  We spill Cuban blood for defending a man who, fleeing his country, stole more than 400 million dollars from his hungry people.We help to keep in power a person who in 2006, was tried in his country - in absence - for the charge of genocide and in 2008 was sentenced to death.The former Ethiopian president leaves a country in bankruptcy, plagued by drought and hunger that threatens the death by starvation to seven million people. The effects of Mengistu's flight are not going to be immediate, but observers agree that it can be positive for the timid opening announced last year by the then president, with the decision to move towards a market economy.

  Currently Mengistu resides in Harare, the capital of Zimbabwe in his millionaire mansion.

  On December 6, 1989, in the so-called Operation Tribute, remains of the fallen were brought to Cuba, because there was a moment during the war that the transfer of corpses to the island was prohibited.The Cuban intervention in Angola took place between 1975-1991 and some 350,000 men left the island in military service to the country of southern Africa.

  The extinct Soviet Union offered the armament and subsidized much of the logistics of the war.The author Carlos E. Pedre Pentón, who participated as a soldier in the conflagration, speaks in his book The unnecessary war of 10,000 deceasedCuban troops left Angola at the end of the 80s, leaving a country presided by José Eduardo Dos Santos, who was 38 years in power after succeeding Agostinho NetoIn 1975, Fidel Castro initiated "Operation Carlota," which, according to official figures from Havana, would involve, for 16 years (until 1991), 377,033 soldiers and more than 50,000 Cuban civilian aid workers. Officially, it was explained that the self-proclaimed Angolan president Agosthino Neto, a historical communist and ally of the Soviet Union (USSR), had requested military aid from Cuba. However, the reality was different; A former senior Cuban intelligence official confirms that the USSR - which kept Cuba with billion dollar annual subsidies - asked Castro to send the Cuban military force, promising to pay for all the war material.Having Portugal begun the process of independence of its African colonies, the USSR sought to consolidate Neto in power to move Angola into the Soviet orbit, but it did not suit that it appeared as the invading force in support of Neto. In the scenario of the cold war, the USSR supported the MPLA (Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola) of Neto and the SWAPO (Popular Organization of South-West Africa), which fought for the independence of Namibia, while the United States, together with South Africa, they supported UNITA (National Union for the Total Independence of Angola) and the FNLA (National Front for the Liberation of Angola).

  Cuba did not act by pure revolutionary solidarity, since it received payment for its services, estimated between US $ 300 and US $ 600 million annually (which would mean $ 4.8 to $ 9.6 billion in 16 years of contention). The author of a recent book on the war in Angola, former Cuban soldier in Angola, engineer Carlos Pedre, obtained a confidential testimony from a former officer of the FAR (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Cuba) that Angola paid $ 2,000 per month per soldier Cuban. Cuba also developed millionaire businesses, managed by high officials of the FAR, with the systematic looting of Angola's ivory, diamonds and wood; They even diverted finished equipment to Havana for various factories in Angola.

  It is an open secret that the Cuban military also "stole everything they could" -including vehicles, and home furniture; It is also alleged that they were trafficking drugs. The commander Ochoa, hero in both wars and who did so much for the triumph was shot by the castro so that they did not get dirty in the drug and diamond traffic. Of course, the president and prime minister of the FAR sent from Cuba, do not risk their pretty skin in the fighting, without knowing the hardships that even officers went through in the shortages of a war where troops and officers earned a measly wage and had to go to the black market to exchange food for other products.Despite the high income that Cuba received for its "assistance" to Angola, it did not compensate the majority of the soldiers it sent there; these were mostly very young recruits serving compulsory military service who only received the 7 Cuban pesos a month payable to conscripts in Cuba. To the officers about degree of   The "resistance" to Angola did not compensate the majority of the soldiers it sent there; these were mostly very young recruits serving compulsory military service who only received the 7 Cuban pesos a month payable to conscripts in Cuba. Officials on the rank of captain were paid only 600 kwanza, while senior advisers and officers received 900 to 1,000 (one kwanza was approximately one US dollar).Likewise, ordinary soldiers did not have vacations (the officers did) and they had to serve for three years without returning to Cuba.

  To top it all, according to the writer Jorge Olivera Castillo, an Angolan veteran, on returning to Cuba, "we were only able to buy one or two changes of clothes, some perfumes of poor quality and some personal hygiene with the paltry amount of money they gave us.

  After that humiliation, the winds of Olympic oblivion arrived. "Likewise, Cuba was transferring troops, sick and wounded in its merchant ships with poor transfer conditions. Since I am violating international rules, they were hiding them in the cellars. The trips could last from 18 to 21 days, causing more human suffering and probably the death of many sick and injured.Since the beginning of the war, the corpses of the dead were not allowed to be moved to Cuba. It was not until December 6, 1989, when the end of the conflict was negotiated, that they were supposedly transferred to the island in the so-called "Operation Tribute," performing burials with honors in each of the 169 municipalities in specially prepared cemeteries. .However, veterans of the war report that many of the dead were buried where they had fallen and doubt that many were repatriated.

  A former Cuban pilot who served in Angola in 1983 reports that the Cuban dead were unceremoniously buried, directly on the ground and practically without clothing (the boots were reused) in a special section of the Alto Las Cruces cemetery in Miramar, Luanda; When it was full, they started using another cemetery to open another cemetery at the end of an airport runway. He was familiar with the forensic work prior to the repatriations of 1989, but insists that the repatriated remains were not only of Cubans killed in Angola, but also "internationalists" who died in Ethiopia, Nicaragua, Algeria and other African countries.The foreign conflict left enormous income to the Castro regime, but it cost the Cuban people a lot. Thousands returned from the war mutilated, with psychological traumas and some even mad. What's worse, the veterans of the war were treated ungratefully. Many today live in misery and, according to Olivera Castillo, "... many of the beggars and the crazy people who roam the streets of Cuba are veterans of that war."In addition, the Cuban population was deprived of health services due to the large number of professionals sent to Angola.

  In short, as Cuban freelance journalist Tania Diaz Castro points out: "On the so-called" epic of Angola, "we could ask ourselves if it was worthwhile for a small impoverished island, located 14,000 kilometers from Angola, to be left without those children in mostly young, many of whom struggled without knowing why they did it.For its part, Angola paid a gigantic cost for the conflict: between 500,000 and one million dead, 3.5 million internally displaced, hundreds of thousands fleeing to neighboring countries such as Zaire and Zambia, rural infrastructure and the economy practically destroyed, most of them of the population in misery, almost two million facing a famine and the abuse of human rights established as a norm.

  The scenario of horror included war crimes by Cuba such as deliberate attacks on defenseless civilian populations and even the use of chemical weapons against UNITA troops and civilians who supported them.And now, there are still naïve people of the Latin American left who support the Castro interference in other countries without any interest. Only to implement Soviet socialism and expand the socialism to the Cuban world. When the Soviet Union imploded, the subsidies in money and arms to Cuba ended.Now he replaces them with cheap human flesh: the internationalist doctors whose families are proud in Cuba for what they are going to bring him in sham and the meager dollars they are paid. To the point, that the Cuban family, opts for an internationalist doctor or a pretty mulatto jinetera to improve their lives of hunger and lack of housing.

 CUBA: LIVE OR DEAD PHANTOMS IN ÁFRICA ARE WANDERING ACCUSING THE CASTRO.

CUBA: LIVE OR DEAD PHANTOMS IN AFRICA WANDER ACCUSING THE CASTROS.

Image result for guerras cubanas áfrica imagenes

CUBA:LIVE OR DEAD PHANTOMS IN AFRICA WANDER ACCUSING THE CASTRO.   When I was in the third year of medical school, we received "military training" on Tuesdays of each week. One morning, before a dark military professor with a typical Santiago accent, he told us about the bombers and the artillery preparation when the Cuban intelligence suspected that an enemy soldier of the Unita was taking refuge in a village.

  I was the only one to raise my voice to what I suspected:

   _ And if there were children, women and old people in the Angolan village, what did the Cuban troops do then?

   A sepulchral silence spread through my classmates, none dared to speak.

  -Well, it was a war without quarter. Everyone was exterminated in the village, it did not matter if they were children, women or the elderly. This is a war. You can not have compassion with anyone.

  I was thoughtful. As a trainee we were taught to save vulnerable lives by not murdering them. My companions were silent. To such a degree was indoctrination ....

   What was all this suffering and devastation for? A quarter of a century after the end of the Cuban intervention in Angola, the Angolans still suffer great political repression and economic marginalization. The leaders of the MPLA, underpinned by Cuban military intervention, remain in power, commanding a state monopoly capitalism.

   Today, they are recognized among the most corrupt and wealthy rulers in Africa, while the majority of the 29 million Angolans live in poverty.

  The veterans of these African wars, with physical or emotional traumas, some were treated in Cuban secret hospitals for ignorance of the population in general.

  My brother-in-law, a virile and handsome young man, came from Angola with convulsive nervous crises that attacked him when he remembered the cruel fighting in Angola. He made terrible stories of aerial bombardment and artillery attacks. Then he was attacked by the convulsive crises reactivated by the memory. After a few years, they disappeared and they gave him an administrative position in a large company although he only has reached sith grade of education.

  .I have a friend who, in the war in Ethiopia, when a retreated  Russian cannon that launched projectiles, it hit the front left zone. and part of the eye. He was in a coma for a week until he was brought to Cuba. In a special hospital they reconstructed the wound and placed a piece of metal, I do not know if aluminum, in the affected area. Since then, cerebrospinal fluid was leaking through the nose and treated with broad spectrum antimicrobials.

  When I went to Cuba recently, after 17 years forbidden my entry to my own country, I went to visit him. He looked like he was wearing a mask from a horror movie. The left side of the face was   crushed and he had lost the vision of the eye on that side. He had become an alcoholic and was lying unceasingly. Poor victim that I witnessed first-hand the war in Ethiopia. When I asked him about Megistus, the Ethiopian leader that Cuba helped, he knew nothing about him. I did not mean to tell him that that the leader for what he had fought in vain , left a hungry town, took refuge in Zimbabwe in a mansion with all the fortune he had swallowed in his own village.

  And when Cuba mounted a national show to bury the fallen soldiers in the wars in Africa. I said that if I were the mother of one of the deceased I would randomly give my fist as a sign of respect for those almost beardless soldiers who took Africa to die and not a flag and a sign of applause for the "fallen heroes". Cute and hypocritical all that parade, characteristic of Castroism that makes everything victory or shit.

  This is how the living ghosts -who live in subhuman conditions, plus the ghosts of the deceased- wander around the island, who will not rest until the real enemy-the Castro government-falls and true freedom reigns in the Cuban people.

  The military interventions of Cuba in the rest of the world began after 1959 and the triumph of the Cuban Revolution, which meant its alignment with one of the two superpowers of the time, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), which meant a change in Cuban foreign policy.All these interventions had as common elements to be directed towards Third World countries, helping the implantation or support of governments related to Marxism-Leninism, justified by the Cuban government under the argument that it was "proletarian internationalism" or realized anticolonialism in support of the peoples that according to the Cuban government wanted to have a socialist state, that the Cuban invasions were functional to the geopolitical interests of the Soviet Union and in opposition to the foreign policy of the United States of America, and were carried out with technical support Soviet and the Democratic Republic The military interventions of Cuba in the rest of the world began after 1959 and the triumph of the Cuban Revolution, which meant its alignment with one of the two superpowers of the time, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), which meant a change in Cuban foreign policy.All these interventions had as common elements to be directed towards Third World countries, helping the implantation or support of governments related to Marxism-Leninism, justified by the Cuban government under the argument that it was "proletarian internationalism" or realized anticolonialism in support of the peoples that according to the Cuban government wanted to have a socialist state, that the Cuban invasions were functional to the geopolitical interests of the Soviet Union and in opposition to the foreign policy of the United States of America, and were carried out with technical support Soviet Union and the Democratic Republic of Germany.

   In the official terminology allowed by the Cuban government, the military interventions carried out by the socialist Cuba can be called "internationalist missions".The period in which the interventions are given has sometimes been called by its critics the era of "Cuban imperialism" or "Cuban military imperialism," while in Cuban official terminology the term "Cuban military internationalism" can also be found, 3 it would include both direct military interventions (wars, sending of military forces) and indirect interventions (logistical support of governments or guerrilla movements, activity of the espionage service, incitement to coups).

  The Cuban socialist regime, in plans to expand its influence, gave preference to direct military intervention in sub-Saharan Africa, unlike in Latin America, where it gave preference to the sponsorship of local subversive organizations. Particularly noteworthy is the Cuban military presence in Africa, with more than 36,000 troops in 1985, especially in Angola (23,000) and Ethiopia (12,000). Within Cuba, the regime justified the sending of Cubans to the distant African wars under the discourse that Cuba is a "Latin African" nation.As the Socialist Bloc collapsed at the end of the 1980s, Cuban troops and operations abroad were reduced, and with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the beginning of the Special Period in Cuba in the early 1990s, they ceased. Cuban military interventions abroad.This list only includes the sending of Cuban military personnel as regular forces recognized as belligerents among the States.

   Military invasions are added separately for coup purposes.1963: War of the Sands in Algeria, is the first intervention of the Cuban armed forces in foreign territory.1964-1965: During the Crisis of the Congo. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, regular Cuban troops infiltrated from Tanzania participated in war actions without much success.1973-1974: During the Yom Kippur War, the Syrian Arab Republic requested military aid to Cuba and the Cuban government sent a brigade of tanks that participated in combats.1975-1991: Regular Cuban forces entered Angola, in the mission called Operation Carlota, to support the communist government and participated in the Angolan Civil War and the South African Frontier War.1977-1988: During the Civil War of Ethiopia and the Ogden War, Cuban troops entered Ethiopia to support the socialist government and fight the Somali national deliberation movement of the Ogaden.1979-1990:

   In the Sandinista Revolution in Nicaragua, the Cuban State sent military personnel who took control of the Nicaraguan military security and intelligence services.1959: Failed expedition to Panama in order to start a revolutionary movement in the country. They were arrested after a skirmish with the Panamanian National Guard.1959: Failed expedition to the Dominican Republic to overthrow the dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo Molina, in alliance with the Dominican exile.1963 and 1967: Failed expeditions of the Cuban military to take power in Venezuela, installing a friendly government with Cuba and ensuring the supply of oil to the island. The Venezuelan government repels the invasion by destroying the Cuban artillery installed on Venezuelan islands.The pretext of this military interference in Ethiopia was that the Somali military intervention was a very dangerous threat against the invaded country. When in reality it was nothing new and only affected the region in dispute, the OgadenThe big difference between the two countries that help the Ethiopians is that the USSR puts resources, means and Cuba - as always - puts men.The government that Fidel decided to defend was dominated by a man whose mandate brought to his people massive famines that provoked the m   The military interventions of Cuba in the rest of the world began after 1959 and the triumph of the Cuban Revolution, which meant its alignment with one of the two superpowers of the time, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), which meant a change in Cuban foreign policy.

  All these interventions had as common elements to be directed towards Third World countries, helping the implantation or support of governments related to Marxism-Leninism, justified by the Cuban government under the argument that it was "proletarian internationalism" or realized anticolonialism in support of the peoples that according to the Cuban government wanted to have a socialist state, that the Cuban invasions were functional to the geopolitical interests of the Soviet Union and in opposition to the foreign policy of the United States of America, and were carried out with technical support Soviet Union and the Democratic Republic of Germany. In the official terminology allowed by the Cuban government, the military interventions carried out by the socialist Cuba can be called "internationalist missions".

  The period in which the interventions are given has sometimes been called by its critics the era of "Cuban imperialism" or "Cuban military imperialism," while in Cuban official terminology the term "Cuban military internationalism" can also be found, 3 it would include both direct military interventions (wars, sending of military forces) and indirect interventions (logistical support of governments or guerrilla movements, activity of the espionage service, incitement to coups).

  The Cuban socialist regime, in plans to expand its influence, gave preference to direct military intervention in sub-Saharan Africa, unlike in Latin America, where it gave preference to the sponsorship of local subversive organizations. Particularly noteworthy is the Cuban military presence in Africa, with more than 36,000 troops in 1985, especially in Angola (23,000) and Ethiopia (12,000).

  Within Cuba, the regime justified the sending of Cubans to the distant African wars under the discourse that Cuba is a "Latin African" nation.As the Socialist Bloc collapsed at the end of the 1980s, Cuban troops and operations abroad were reduced, and with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the beginning of the Special Period in Cuba in the early 1990s, they ceased. Cuban military interventions abroad.This list only includes the sending of Cuban military personnel as regular forces recognized as belligerents among the States. Military invasions are added separately for coup purposes.1963: War of the Sands in Algeria, is the first intervention of the Cuban armed forces in foreign territory.1964-1965: During the Crisis of the Congo. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, regular Cuban troops infiltrated from Tanzania participated in war actions without much success.1973-1974: During the Yom Kippur War, the Syrian Arab Republic requested military aid to Cuba and the Cuban government sent a brigade of tanks that participated in combats.1975-1991:

   Regular Cuban forces entered Angola, in the mission called Operation Carlota, to support the communist government and participated in the Angolan Civil War and the South African Frontier War.1977-1988: During the Civil War of Ethiopia and the Ogden War, Cuban troops entered Ethiopia to support the socialist government and fight the Somali national deliberation movement of the Ogaden.1979-1990:

  In the Sandinista Revolution in Nicaragua, the Cuban State sent military personnel who took control of the Nicaraguan military security and intelligence services.1959: Failed expedition to Panama in order to start a revolutionary movement in the country. They were arrested after a skirmish with the Panamanian National Guard.1959: Failed expedition to the Dominican Republic to overthrow the dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo Molina, in alliance with the Dominican exile.1963 and 1967: Failed expeditions of the Cuban military to take power in Venezuela, installing a friendly government with Cuba and ensuring the supply of oil to the island. The Venezuelan government repels the invasion by destroying the Cuban artillery installed on Venezuelan islands.

  The pretext of this military interference in Ethiopia was that the Somali military intervention was a very dangerous threat against the invaded country. When in reality it was nothing new and only affected the region in dispute, the OgadenThe big difference between the two countries that help the Ethiopians is that the USSR puts resources, means and Cuba - as always - puts men.The government that Fidel decided to defend was dominated by a man whose mandate brought to his people massive famines that provoked the mThe government that Fidel decided to defend was dominated by a man whose mandate brought to his people massive famines that caused the death of more than a million Ethiopians, unstoppable repression against their opponents and uprisings against the regime.

  We spill Cuban blood for defending a man who, fleeing his country, stole more than 400 million dollars from his hungry people.We help to keep in power a person who in 2006, was tried in his country - in absence - for the charge of genocide and in 2008 was sentenced to death.The former Ethiopian president leaves a country in bankruptcy, plagued by drought and hunger that threatens the death by starvation to seven million people. The effects of Mengistu's flight are not going to be immediate, but observers agree that it can be positive for the timid opening announced last year by the then president, with the decision to move towards a market economy.

  Currently Mengistu resides in Harare, the capital of Zimbabwe in his millionaire mansion.

  On December 6, 1989, in the so-called Operation Tribute, remains of the fallen were brought to Cuba, because there was a moment during the war that the transfer of corpses to the island was prohibited.The Cuban intervention in Angola took place between 1975-1991 and some 350,000 men left the island in military service to the country of southern Africa.

  The extinct Soviet Union offered the armament and subsidized much of the logistics of the war.The author Carlos E. Pedre Pentón, who participated as a soldier in the conflagration, speaks in his book The unnecessary war of 10,000 deceasedCuban troops left Angola at the end of the 80s, leaving a country presided by José Eduardo Dos Santos, who was 38 years in power after succeeding Agostinho NetoIn 1975, Fidel Castro initiated "Operation Carlota," which, according to official figures from Havana, would involve, for 16 years (until 1991), 377,033 soldiers and more than 50,000 Cuban civilian aid workers. Officially, it was explained that the self-proclaimed Angolan president Agosthino Neto, a historical communist and ally of the Soviet Union (USSR), had requested military aid from Cuba. However, the reality was different; A former senior Cuban intelligence official confirms that the USSR - which kept Cuba with billion dollar annual subsidies - asked Castro to send the Cuban military force, promising to pay for all the war material.Having Portugal begun the process of independence of its African colonies, the USSR sought to consolidate Neto in power to move Angola into the Soviet orbit, but it did not suit that it appeared as the invading force in support of Neto. In the scenario of the cold war, the USSR supported the MPLA (Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola) of Neto and the SWAPO (Popular Organization of South-West Africa), which fought for the independence of Namibia, while the United States, together with South Africa, they supported UNITA (National Union for the Total Independence of Angola) and the FNLA (National Front for the Liberation of Angola).

  Cuba did not act by pure revolutionary solidarity, since it received payment for its services, estimated between US $ 300 and US $ 600 million annually (which would mean $ 4.8 to $ 9.6 billion in 16 years of contention). The author of a recent book on the war in Angola, former Cuban soldier in Angola, engineer Carlos Pedre, obtained a confidential testimony from a former officer of the FAR (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Cuba) that Angola paid $ 2,000 per month per soldier Cuban. Cuba also developed millionaire businesses, managed by high officials of the FAR, with the systematic looting of Angola's ivory, diamonds and wood; They even diverted finished equipment to Havana for various factories in Angola.

  It is an open secret that the Cuban military also "stole everything they could" -including vehicles, and home furniture; It is also alleged that they were trafficking drugs. The commander Ochoa, hero in both wars and who did so much for the triumph was shot by the castro so that they did not get dirty in the drug and diamond traffic. Of course, the president and prime minister of the FAR sent from Cuba, do not risk their pretty skin in the fighting, without knowing the hardships that even officers went through in the shortages of a war where troops and officers earned a measly wage and had to go to the black market to exchange food for other products.Despite the high income that Cuba received for its "assistance" to Angola, it did not compensate the majority of the soldiers it sent there; these were mostly very young recruits serving compulsory military service who only received the 7 Cuban pesos a month payable to conscripts in Cuba. To the officers about degree of   The "resistance" to Angola did not compensate the majority of the soldiers it sent there; these were mostly very young recruits serving compulsory military service who only received the 7 Cuban pesos a month payable to conscripts in Cuba. Officials on the rank of captain were paid only 600 kwanza, while senior advisers and officers received 900 to 1,000 (one kwanza was approximately one US dollar).Likewise, ordinary soldiers did not have vacations (the officers did) and they had to serve for three years without returning to Cuba.

  To top it all, according to the writer Jorge Olivera Castillo, an Angolan veteran, on returning to Cuba, "we were only able to buy one or two changes of clothes, some perfumes of poor quality and some personal hygiene with the paltry amount of money they gave us.

  After that humiliation, the winds of Olympic oblivion arrived. "Likewise, Cuba was transferring troops, sick and wounded in its merchant ships with poor transfer conditions. Since I am violating international rules, they were hiding them in the cellars. The trips could last from 18 to 21 days, causing more human suffering and probably the death of many sick and injured.Since the beginning of the war, the corpses of the dead were not allowed to be moved to Cuba. It was not until December 6, 1989, when the end of the conflict was negotiated, that they were supposedly transferred to the island in the so-called "Operation Tribute," performing burials with honors in each of the 169 municipalities in specially prepared cemeteries. .However, veterans of the war report that many of the dead were buried where they had fallen and doubt that many were repatriated.

  A former Cuban pilot who served in Angola in 1983 reports that the Cuban dead were unceremoniously buried, directly on the ground and practically without clothing (the boots were reused) in a special section of the Alto Las Cruces cemetery in Miramar, Luanda; When it was full, they started using another cemetery to open another cemetery at the end of an airport runway. He was familiar with the forensic work prior to the repatriations of 1989, but insists that the repatriated remains were not only of Cubans killed in Angola, but also "internationalists" who died in Ethiopia, Nicaragua, Algeria and other African countries.The foreign conflict left enormous income to the Castro regime, but it cost the Cuban people a lot. Thousands returned from the war mutilated, with psychological traumas and some even mad. What's worse, the veterans of the war were treated ungratefully. Many today live in misery and, according to Olivera Castillo, "... many of the beggars and the crazy people who roam the streets of Cuba are veterans of that war."In addition, the Cuban population was deprived of health services due to the large number of professionals sent to Angola.

  In short, as Cuban freelance journalist Tania Diaz Castro points out: "On the so-called" epic of Angola, "we could ask ourselves if it was worthwhile for a small impoverished island, located 14,000 kilometers from Angola, to be left without those children in mostly young, many of whom struggled without knowing why they did it.For its part, Angola paid a gigantic cost for the conflict: between 500,000 and one million dead, 3.5 million internally displaced, hundreds of thousands fleeing to neighboring countries such as Zaire and Zambia, rural infrastructure and the economy practically destroyed, most of them of the population in misery, almost two million facing a famine and the abuse of human rights established as a norm.

  The scenario of horror included war crimes by Cuba such as deliberate attacks on defenseless civilian populations and even the use of chemical weapons against UNITA troops and civilians who supported them.And now, there are still naïve people of the Latin American left who support the Castro interference in other countries without any interest. Only to implement Soviet socialism and expand the socialism to the Cuban world. When the Soviet Union imploded, the subsidies in money and arms to Cuba ended.Now he replaces them with cheap human flesh: the internationalist doctors whose families are proud in Cuba for what they are going to bring him in sham and the meager dollars they are paid. To the point, that the Cuban family, opts for an internationalist doctor or a pretty mulatto jinetera to improve their lives of hunger and lack of housing.

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